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Objective:To survey the health literacy and related factors of family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases in Beijing.Methods:A survey was conducted from September to November 2018, among 1 350 family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases selected by stratified random sampling from 6 districts of Beijing. A self-filling questionnaire was used for the survey, which consisted of the basic information and health literacy of family caregivers. Health literacy included three parts: daily living habits, basic knowledge (knowledge of prevention and management of behavioral risk factors, knowledge related to chronic diseases and knowledge related to first aid) and chronic disease-related skills.Results:A total of 1 268 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of questionnaires was 93.9%. The median age of 1 268 family caregivers was 62 years (23-86) and 75.7% (960/1 268) were females. In terms of daily habits, smokers and drinkers accounted for 11.3% (143/1 268) and 21.5% (272/1 268) respectively; 82.7% (1 049/1 268) caregivers exercised regularly accounted, of whom 72.5% (761/1 049) exercised at least 4 times a week; 28.9% (366/1 268) caregivers had habit of light diet. In terms of basic knowledge of health literacy, 12.9% (163/1 268) of family caregivers mastered the basic knowledge (≥80% total score); family caregivers who were able to measure blood pressure, blood sugar, pulse, coping with hypoglycemia, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and dialing the emergency number correctly accounted for 27.4% (347/1 268), 18.1% (230/1 268), 15.1% (191/1 268), 15.7% (199/1 268), 6.0% (76/1 268) and 33.8% (429/1 268), respectively. For the six chronic disease-related skills, 23.7% (301/1 268) were able to call emergency number correctly and only 2.6% (33/1 268) were able to perform CPR. There were significant differences in the knowledge of behavioral risk factors ( χ 2=3.88, P=0.017), chronic disease related knowledge ( χ2=7.40, P=0.025), first-aid related knowledge ( χ2=12.04, P=0.002) and overall basic knowledge ( χ2=13.56, P=0.001) among family caregivers with different educational levels. There were significant differences in the knowledge of chronic diseases among family caregivers in different occupations ( χ2=8.78, P=0.012). Conclusion:The health literacy level of family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases in Beijing needs to be further improved, and there are differences in the health literacy of family caregivers with different educational qualifications and occupations.
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Objective:To evaluate the curative effect and adverse reactions of compound acid, alpha hydroxyl acid (AHA), and salicylic acid (SA) in the treatment of mild to moderate acne.Methods:A total of 105 patients admitted in Suzhou Municipal Hospital from August 2019 to May 2020 were divided into three groups randomly and treated with compound acid, AHA and SA, once every 3 weeks, 4 times totally. The efficacy was evaluated before treatment, 3 weeks after 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, and 4 times. The number of non-inflammatory lesions (comedos) and inflammatory lesions (papules or pustules) were recorded. VISIA image was used to record the patient＇s facial characteristics before treatment and 3 weeks after 4 times. The occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded.Results:Three groups were all safe and effective. The efficiency of non-inflammatory lesions showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups (χ 2= 4.58, P=0.101). The effective rate of inflammatory lesions in the compound acid and SA groups were higher than that of AHA group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=6.45, P=0.040). After 4 times, the clinical data of purpurin, red area, and spot in compound acid and SA groups were higher than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). While in the AHA group, the purple matter was higher than that before treatment after 4 times, the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.506, P=0.010), and the change in the red area was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The compound acid is safe and effective in treating mild and moderate acne. It is effective for acne inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. It has less adverse reactions and is worthy of clinical application.
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Twenty general practice residents who received training in Tongren Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were enrolled. The residents undertook rotation in chronic disease care clinic of the general medicine department, and a multi-disciplinary integrated teaching mode was applied. The theoretical knowledge test, skill assessment and self-evaluation were performed before and after rotation. The 360-degree evaluation was carried out when leaving the department (study group), the results were compared with that of internal medicine (control group) in the same period. The teaching effect was comprehensively evaluated. The scores of theoretical knowledge and skill assessment after rotation were significantly higher than those before rotation ( P<0.01). The self-evaluated ability was significantly higher than that at admission, especially in general practice thinking (7.85±0.88), doctor-patient communication (7.95±0.69), health education (7.80±0.70) and disease management (8.20±0.62) ( P<0.01). The 360-degree evaluation showed that the study group was better than the control group in interpersonal communication skills [(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.41±0.50)], system-based work ability[(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.31±0.47)], practice-based learning and improvement [(4.80±0.41) vs. (4.33±0.48)], patient care [(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.28±0.46)] and training mode satisfaction [(4.85±0.37) vs. (4.38±0.49)] (all P<0.05). The study indicates that the multi-disciplinary integrated teaching mode applied for rotation in the chronic disease care clinic of the general medicine department can improve the teaching effect and raise the teaching quality for general practice residency training.
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Objective:To survey the training needs for chronic diseases among family health care workers in Beijing.Methods:A questionnaire survey on training needs for chronic disease was conducted from September to November 2018 among 820 family health care workers from 15 community health service centers in Beijing selected by stratified random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and training needs related to chronic diseases. The training needs included: the knowledge and skills related to chronic diseases: the types of chronic diseases expected to learn, the basic knowledge of chronic diseases (7 items), preventive health care knowledge (7 items), nursing and rehabilitation skills (9 items); the duration, frequency, method, time and location of training arrangement.Results:The survey showed that chronic disease that family health care workers most wanted to learn was hypertension (90.3%, 717/794); among the basic knowledge of chronic diseases, the highest need was disease risk factor (65.5%, 520/794); among the knowledge of preventive health care, the highest need was home safety protection (87.3%, 693/794); among nursing and rehabilitation skills, the highest need was blood glucose measurement (83.1%, 660/794). The female respondents had higher training need for basic knowledge of chronic diseases than males ( Z=2.51, P=0.012). There were significant differences in the needs for preventive health care knowledge among respondents of different gender ( Z=2.72, P=0.007), occupation ( H=15.02, P=0.001) and educational level ( H=12.01, P=0.002). Respondents with different age ( H=6.49, P=0.039), occupation ( H=52.93, P<0.001) and educational level ( H=9.56, P=0.008)) had different needs for nursing and rehabilitation skills. Among the respondents, 58.2% (462/794) indicated that duration of each course should be 30-59 min, 34.0% (270/794) wanted to participate in the training once a month, 53.1% (422/794) wanted to participate in the training in the form of large class, 39.2% (311/794) were willing to participate in the training on working days and 48.7% (387/794) wanted to be trained in community health service institutions. Conclusions:There are diverse training needs of family health care workers. Attention should be paid to the implementation of need-oriented training. It is crucial to promote the motivation of family health care workers to participate in the training, which can improve the training effect and facilitate their role in family health management.
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The aim of this paper was to discuss the effect of swertiamarin, gentiopicrin and sweroside on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes(RA-FLSs) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and their mechanisms. ZINC database and RCSB PDB database were retrieved for 3 D chemical structures of swertiamarin, gentiopicrin and sweroside and 3 D target protein structures. AutoDock Mgltools 1.5.6, AutoDockVina 1.1.2 and pyMOL 2.2.0 were applied for molecular docking to analyze the relationship between Bcl-2(1 GJH) target protein and important ingredients. The cell apoptosis of RA-FLSs was tested by Annexin V-FITC. The Bcl-2 protein expression of RA-FLSs treated with different ingredients was tested by Western blot. The Bcl-2 mRNA expression of RA-FLSs treated with different ingredients was tested by RT-PCR. Swertiamarin, gentiopicrin and sweroside were docked well with Bcl-2(1 GJH). The binding energy of swertiamarin was-6.9 kcal·mol~(-1), the binding energy of gentiopicrin was-6.7 kcal·mol~(-1) and the binding energy of sweroside was-6.4 kcal·mol~(-1). Compared with the blank group, the Bcl-2 protein expression of each group were reduced, while that of the gentiopicrin group was the highest(P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the Bcl-2 mRNA expression of each groups were reduced. Gentiopicrin can reduce the Bcl-2 protein expression and the Bcl-2 mRNA expression, so as to promote the RA-FLSs apoptosis.
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Humans , Apoptosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts , Iridoid Glucosides , Molecular Docking Simulation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics , Pyrones , SynoviocytesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the awareness rate and the influencing factors of notification in elderly cancer patients， and to improve the community health management. MethodsA total of 622 cancer patients were selected from a community health service center in Jing’an District of Shanghai， who participated in the Survey of Unified Needs Assessment of Elderly Care in Shanghai. ResultsThe overall awareness rate was 62.86%. Multivariate analysis showed that elderly patients were more likely to have disease notification than younger patients. Patients were less likely to have notification if they were without spouse， with care needs and with more diseases other than cancer. Patients with family history of cancer， living with children were more likely to have notification （P< 0.05）. Different tumor types might also influence the notification. Moreover， under the control of different factors， the influence effect on patients in specific age group may be different. （This sentence， in Chinse and English abstracts is confusing. Suggest authors to revise） ConclusionCommunity workers should develop corresponding health management strategies to improve the patients’ proper awareness， based on tumor category， of patient health status and family attitude.
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ObjectiveTo explore the awareness rate and the influencing factors of notification in elderly cancer patients， and to improve the community health management. MethodsA total of 622 cancer patients were selected from a community health service center in Jing’an District of Shanghai， who participated in the Survey of Unified Needs Assessment of Elderly Care in Shanghai. ResultsThe overall awareness rate was 62.86%. Multivariate analysis showed that elderly patients were more likely to have disease notification than younger patients. Patients were less likely to have notification if they were without spouse， with care needs and with more diseases other than cancer. Patients with family history of cancer， living with children were more likely to have notification （P< 0.05）. Different tumor types might also influence the notification. Moreover， under the control of different factors， the influence effect on patients in specific age group may be different. （This sentence， in Chinse and English abstracts is confusing. Suggest authors to revise） ConclusionCommunity workers should develop corresponding health management strategies to improve the patients’ proper awareness， based on tumor category， of patient health status and family attitude.
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To investigate the effect and mechanism of psoralen on calvarial osteoblasts injuries caused by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles in vitro. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvaria of neonatal SD rat by the series of digestion and were identified with ALP staining. Calvarial osteoblasts were treated with TCP wear particles for 48 h to establish the in vitro model of osteoblasts injuries. The rat osteoblasts were randomly divided into control group, TCP wear particles (0.1 mg/ml) group, psoralen treated (at the concentrations of 10, 10, 10 mol/L) groups. WST assay and the flow cytometry were used to detect the cell viability of osteoblasts and apoptosis, respectively. Chemical colorimetry was performed to examine ALP activity of osteobalsts. When the osteoblasts were treated for 14 day, mineral nodules formation was observed with alizarin red S staining. Western blot was applied to examine protein expressions of glucose regulated protein78/94(GRP78/94), inositol dependent enzyme 1 alpha (IREα), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in calvarial osteoblasts. Compared with control group, the cell viability of osteoblasts, ALP activity and mineral nodules formation in TCP group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the percentage of apoptosis and protein expressions of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were obviously increased in calvarial osteoblasts (P＜0.05). Compared with TCP group, the injuries of calvarial osteoblasts and cell apoptosis in psoralen treated groups were obviously decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression levels of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were down-regulated remarkably (P＜0.05). Psoralen prevents osteoblasts injuries caused by TCP wear particles through IRE1α-XBP1s-JNK signaling pathway activation.
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of deliberated acute pesticide poisoning (APP), so as to provide prevention and health promotion for the disease. Methods The deliberated APP patients related factors questionnaire was used to investigate deliberated APP and non-deliberated APP patients. The data was analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling. Results APP was directly affected by cognitive factors, psychological factors and social environment factors. Their standardized regression coefficients were -0.831, -0.752 and -0.469 respectively. Cognitive factors had a direct effect on psychological factors and social environment factors. APP was affected indirectly by cognitive deviation, absolutization, copying manner, social support, pesticide management and negative life events. Their standardized regression coefficients were 0.757, 0.541, 0.773, 0.576, 0.824 and 0.782, respectively. Conclusions Paying attention to the influencing factors for deliberated APP patients, improving sociological influencing factors, improving coping style and provide social support and strengthen pesticide management is benefided to reduce the incidence of APP.
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This study reviewed the definition of resilience, evaluation tools, protective factors and its effect on health outcomes of adult patients with chronic diseases, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the intervention of resilience of adult chronic disease patients.
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Objective: To review the problems existing in the development and application of current electroacupuncture (EA) apparatuses, and provide reference for the development of EA apparatuses. Methods: Related literatures about EA apparatus were derived from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) and Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) between 2013 and 2017. Literatures about the development of EA apparatuses and the application for experimental research and clinical treatment published in Chinese journals were retrieved, and the development and application of EA apparatuses were summarized. Results: Among the 107 selected literatures, 48 types of EA apparatuses were used, of which only 11 models could be found in the registration list and within the validity period. There was no registration information for the EA apparatus newly developed in the past 5 years. The EA parameters used in experimental research and clinical treatment in Chinese medicine were different, and the combination of stimulation parameters was diverse. Conclusion: At present, most of the new EA products are still in the experimental or research stage, and the transformation of results has not yet been achieved. Moreover, there is no unified standard for the use of EA apparatus and its stimulation parameters in experimental research and clinical treatment, which is not conducive to the standardization process of EA stimulation.
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Objective: To establish a macroporous resin enrichment process for total triterpene sapogenins from Pfaffia glomerata,and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of the total triterpene sapogenins. Methods: The transfer rate of triterpene sapogenins was used as the index. Static adsorption-desorption method was used to select the best macroporous resin,dynamic adsorption-desorption method was used to determine the enrichment process parame- ters,and orthogonal test was used to optimize the enrichment process. The 1,1- diphenyl- 2- trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH)and hydroxyl free radical scavenging tests were used to evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity of the triter- pene sapogenins. Results: The AB-8 type macroporous resin had the best enrichment effect on the triterpene sapoge-nins. The conditions for the optimum enrichment process were as follows:the concentration of triterpene sapogenins in the sample solution for resin column chromatography was 3.5 mg/ml,the ratio of diameter to height for the bed of resin column was 1:7,the amount of the raw herbs subjected to the resin column was 0.11 g/ml(herbs/resin),the flow rate for subjecting sample solution to resin column was 1 BV/h,the eluent was 95% aqueous ethanol,the eluting flow rate was 2BV/h,and the eluent volume for elution was 7 BV. After optimization,total triterpene sapogenins reached 65% in the samples prepared by the optimized process,and the transfer rate of total triterpene sapogenins reached 80.23% in the pre- paring process. The total triterpene sapogenin sample could scavenge the DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals,and the scav- enging rate for the DPPH and hydroxyl radicals reached 82.42% and 73.43% at the 1.0 mg/ml,respectively. Conclusion: The AB- 8 macroporous resin can be used for the enrichment and purification of triterpene sapogenins from P. glomerata. The optimized enrichment process was stable and feasible,and the obtained triterpene sapogenins showed a good free radical scavenging activity.
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@#【Objective】To analyze the risk factors of delayed hemorrhage after colon polyp resection.【Methods】We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent endoscopic polypectomy between January 2010 and December 2018，in which 106 patients with delayed hemorrhage were hemorrhage group，while 3 856 patients who did not bleed were the controlled group，and Logistic regression model was applied to screen the risk factors of hemorrhage after polyp resection.【Results】Of the 3 962 patients included in the study，106 had delayed post polypectomy hemorrhage， the hemorrhage rate being 2.68%. 89.6% delayed hemorrhage occurred within 3 days after polypectomy. Logistic regression analysis showed that the difference of polyp size，complicated hypertension，combined with chronic nephropathy，aspirin drug history and warfarin drug history in hemorrhage group and control group was statistically significant（P values were 0.011，0.009，0.028，0.001，0.023，respectively）.【Conclusion】The size of polyps，comorbidity of hypertension，chronic renal disease ，application of aspirin and warfarin were considered to be independent risk factors for post-polypectomy delayed hemorrhage，most of hemorrhage occurred within 3 days. According to the risk factors of patients，we may predict the risk of delayed hemorrhage.
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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effect and safety of Huannao Yicong Formula (, HYF) in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with mild-tomoderate AD were evenly randomized into HYF group and donepezil group with the random number method. Patients in the HYF group took 5 g of HYF granules twice daily and 5 mg placebo of donepezil once daily. Patients in the donepezil group took 5 mg donepezil once daily and 5 g placebo of HYF granules twice daily. The intervention lasted for 6 months. Clinical researchers, participants and statisticians were blinded to the treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcomes were scores of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The secondary outcomes were scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). The serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ) were detected with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kits. The scale assessments were conducted at baseline, the 3rd and 6th months of treatment, respectively. Biochemistry tests were conducted at baseline and the 6th month of treatment.@*RESULTS@#A total of 52 patients completed the trial, 28 in HYF group and 24 in donepezil group. Compared with the baseline, HYF and donepezil signifificantly decreased the total scores of ADAS-Cog and CM-SS, and signifificantly increased the scores of MoCA and MMSE after 6-month treatment (all P<0.01). Both treatments remarkably reduced the serum levels of AchE and Aβ (both P<0.05). The CM-SS total effective rate of HYF was signifificantly higher than donepezil [75.00% (21/28) vs. 54.17% (13/24), P<0.05]. No severe adverse events were observed in both groups.@*CONCLUSION@#HYF is effective and safe for improving the cognitive function in mildto-moderate AD patients. [Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Reg No. ChiCTR-IOR-17011746)].
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Objective To survey the consultation length and waiting time of general practice clinics in community health service centers(CHSC).Methods Three CHSCs were selected from urban areas,urban-rural junction and rural areas Beijing Chaoyang District.The length of consultation,waiting time and the satisfaction of patients were surveyed by self-designed questionnaires among 373 patients visiting these three CHSCs between July to August 2018.Results In 364 patients who completed the questionnaire 69.0％(251/364) had a consultation length between 5 to 10 min,and the proportion of consultation length＜ 5 min was the highest (27.9％) in urban-rural junction.The waiting time was＜5 min in 43.7％ patients (159/364),only 9.3％ of patients waited for＞30 min.The proportion of patients with waiting＜5 min was the lowest (20.7％) in urban area.The distribution of consultion length was different among groups of the reason of consultion,frequently seen doctor and the familarity with the doctor(P＜0.05).Most patients were satisfied with the length of consultation (85.4％) and waiting time (74.5％).The satisfaction of patients in urban areas with the consultation length (75.2％) and waiting time (49.6％) was lower than that in urban-rural junction and rural areas.Conclusion The consultation length in general practice clinics of CHSC is relatively short,but patients are basically satisfied with the current status of consultation length and waiting time.However,consultation length and wating time should be regularly monitared,to promote the quality of care in general practice clinics.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods One hundred twenty-fiwe adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,cerebral ischemia group and T2.5 (TLR2 antagonist) treatment group.A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by suture method.T2.5 (0.121 2 μg/g) was injected into jugular vein at the beginning of reperfusion in the T2.5 treatment group.Cerebral infarction volume,brain edema,bloodbrain barrier permeability and neurological deficit score were measured at 24 h after reperfusion.Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 at different time points in the ischemic cortex.Results Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of TLR2 and MyD88 in the ischemic group increased significantly from 6 h after ischemia-reperfusion and lasted for 24 h (all P ＜ 0.05),while MMP-9 increased significantly at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).At 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion,the blood-brain barrier permeability,brain edema degree,cerebral infarction volume,and neurological deficit score in the ischemic group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (all P ＜0.05);at this time,the expression levels of TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 in the T2.5 treatment group were significantly lower than those in the ischemic group (all P＜ 0.05),and the blood-brain barrier permeability,brain edema degree,cerebral infarction volume,and neurological deficit score were significantly reduced (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 might be involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.TLR2 antagonist T2.5 might inhibit the expression of MMP-9 through TLR2-MyD88 signaling pathway,thus alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value and the experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in primary hospitals. Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 cases of retroperitoneal nephrectomy performed in the people's hospital of Jianshui from July 2014 to December 2017 and 23 cases of open nephrectomy in the same period as the control group, the two groups of surgery and postoperative recovery were analyzed and compared. Results The two groups of patients were operated successfully. The surgery time of the laparoscopic group was (110.14 ±15.63) min and the control group was (100.33 ±10.58) min. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). No complications occurred during the follow-up period between the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant. The intraoperative blood loss in the two groups was (40.63 ±22.21) ml and (80.45 ±38.31) m L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The indwelling time of drainage tube in the two groups was (2-3) days and (6-7) days respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05), and the hospitalization time was (3.2 ±2.2) days and (6.4 ± 3.3) days respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions Laparoscopic nephrectomy has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. With the improvement of operation technique, it will bring more advantages and be worth popularizing.
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Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in the CD19+blood system of malignant tumor has achieved astonishing re-sults.Targeting the CART CD19 cells can increase the remission rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.But the curative effect of CART therapy for solid tumors in recent years has been no substantive breakthrough.There are many problems to be solved in tumor immunotherapy of solid tumor.For example,how CART break through into solid tumor microenvironment and keep vitality,how to identify cancer cells accurately and how to surmount immunosuppression playing an effective role.We here discuss that targeting CART cells toward solid tumors faces certain circumstances critical for the therapeutic success.
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Objective@#To investigate the influence of bigeminy drug regimen on short-term clinical effects, quality of life and recurrence rate in children with adenoid hypertrophy.@*Methods@#One hundred and thirty patients with adenoid hypertrophy were chosen in the period from January 2014 to December 2016. They were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (65 patients, nasal glucocorticoid used alone) and observation group (65 patients, montelukast sodiumon the basis of control group). The short-term clinical effect, the levels of A/N, serum inflammatory cytokine and OSA-18 score before and after treatment and recurrence rate of 2 groups were compared.@*Results@#The short-term clinical effects of control group and observation group were separately 73.85%(60/65) and 92.31% (48/65). The levels of A/N after treatment in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group and before treatment: 0.60 ± 0.07 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10, 0.94 ± 0.15 (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4 after treatment in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group and before treatment:IL-1β: (1.50 ± 0.48) ng/L vs. (2.21 ± 0.44), (3.42 ± 0.68) ng/L; IL-2: (21.80 ± 2.08) ng/L vs. (24.28 ± 2.50), (26.61 ± 3.35) ng/L; IL-4: (179.12 ± 35.91) ng/L vs. (244.70 ± 44.42), (284.07 ± 51.87) ng/L (P<0.05). The OSA-18 score after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group and before treatment (P<0.05). The recurrence rate in control group and observation group was separately 32.31%(21/65) and 15.39%(10/65). The recurrence rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Bigeminy drug regimen in the treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy can efficiently relieve the respiratory obstruction degree, reduce the levels of inflammatory response, improve the quality of daily life and be helpful to prevent long-term recurrence.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Huannao Yicong Decoction (, HYD), an effective herbal formula against Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been proven to have neuroprotective action in amyloid β-protein(Aβ)-induced rat model. This study was designed to characterize mechanisms by which HYD leads to suppression of inflflammation and apoptosis in the brains of Aβ-induced rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 72 rats were divided into 6 groups, which were referred to as: sham operation group, model group, donepezil-treated group, HYD low-dose group (HYDL), HYD middle-dose group (HYDM) and HYD high-dose group (HYDH). Rats in HYDL, HYDM and HYDH were injected with Aβat the CA1 region of hippocampus to form AD model and were fed the HYD extract at different dose of 3.78, 7.56 and 18.90 g crude drug/kg. The behavioral changes of rats were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) before sacrififice. Pathological changes of the brain tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of Aβ and proteins that are associated with apoptosis such as B-cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase)-3, -8, -9 and -12 in serum were measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham operation group, the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD rats were signifificantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01; Expressions of IL-1, TNF-α, Aβ and apoptosis-signaling proteins caspase-3, -8, -9, -12 were signifificantly up-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were signifificantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). When treated with HYD extract, the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD-model rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), IL-1, TNF-α, Aβ, caspase-3, -8, -9 and -12 were down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HYD extract can improve the learning and memory ability defificits, alleviate the inflflammatory response and pathological manifestations induced by Aβinjection in the rat model of AD. HYD down-regulates the levels of IL-1, TNF-α and Aβ, and decreases the rate of apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-signaling-related proteins such as caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12.</p>